Do stronger borders ever work?

Four millennia ago, a Sumerian king, his frontier beset by nomadic tribes fleeing prolonged drought in their own lands, ordered the construction of the world’s first border wall: a 177km-long boundary laid in stone between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Since humanity’s earliest city-states and kingdoms arose in ancient Mesopotamia, walls, ditches and fences have defended…

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How Historical Agreements Shaped Modern Middle Eastern Borders

Over the past century, various historical agreements have profoundly influenced the borders of the Middle East, impacting the sociopolitical landscape you see today. As you explore these significant treaties, such as the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Balfour Declaration, you will uncover how these decisions made by colonial powers continue to resonate across the region. Understanding…

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