Risk as design input: The Eight-Factor Risk Framework for cognitive operations

Risk in cognitive operations is not additive. It is multiplicative. A missile strike has a defined blast radius, effects are immediate, observable, and bounded. Cognitive operations have none of these characteristics. Messages spread through networks in ways no one fully controls. Attribution may be ambiguous or deliberately obscured. Cognitive effects may unfold over weeks, months,…

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Spanish PM slams US ‘extrajudicial operations’ off Venezuela

Shorouk Express Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez condemned as “unacceptable” the “extrajudicial operations” carried out by the United States on alleged drug-trafficking boats off Venezuela, in an interview published Friday. Speaking to Italy’s L’Espresso magazine, the Socialist premier urged a peaceful resolution to the growing crisis between President Donald Trump’s administration and Caracas, which have…

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Germany’s Rhenus Group aims to expand freight operations in Turkmenistan

Shorouk Express Economy Materials 18 July 2025 16:29 (UTC +04:00) Photo: the Embassy of Turkmenistan in Belgium During a meeting in Brussels, company representatives and the Turkmen ambassador discussed Turkmenistan’s growing role as a reliable transit corridor between Europe and Asia, highlighting the importance of the Turkmenbashi port and the country’s rail infrastructure….

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MTP club observe mine clearance operations in Azerbaijan’s Jabrayil district (PHOTO)

Shorouk Express JABRAYIL, Azerbaijan, July 12.​ Members of the globally renowned Most Traveled People (MTP) international travel club concluded their tour of Karabakh and East Zangezur with a visit to Azerbaijan’s Jabrayil, where they witnessed active mine clearance operations in the village of Mehdili, Trend’s regional correspondent The group followed a route passing through Fuzuli,…

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